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%ما هو (من)٪ 1 - تعريف
Cross and cross; Cross & cross; Cross and Cross (Architects); Cross and Cross; John Walter Cross; Eliot Cross
![[[20 Exchange Place]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/20 Exchange Place Tower 111.JPG?width=200 "[[20 Exchange Place]]")
![[[Union and New Haven Trust Building]], New Haven, Connecticut](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Union and New Haven Trust Building, New Haven, Connecticut.jpg?width=200 "[[Union and New Haven Trust Building]], New Haven, Connecticut")
cross-subsidize
or cross-subsidise
¦ verb subsidize (a business or activity) out of the profits of another business or activity.
Derivatives
cross-subsidization noun
cross-subsidy noun
Cross subsidization
HIGHER PRICES TO FUND LOWER PRICES ELSEWHERE
Cross subsidisation; Cross subsidy; Cross-subsidy
Cross subsidization is the practice of charging higher prices to one type of consumers to artificially lower prices for another group. State trading enterprises with monopoly control over marketing agricultural exports are sometimes alleged to cross subsidize, but lack of transparency in their operations makes it difficult, if not impossible, to determine if that is the case.
Cross pattée
![Tomb of the Unknown Soldier]], Warsaw. Behind them, the ''Virtuti Militari'' emblem.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Polish Unknown Soldier.jpg?width=200 "Tomb of the Unknown Soldier]], Warsaw. Behind them, the ''Virtuti Militari'' emblem.")
![With less curvature, used on [[Luftstreitkräfte]] aircraft into April 1918, and the basis for the similar cross by the [[Bundeswehr]] of modern Germany.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cross-Pattee-alternate3.svg?width=200 "With less curvature, used on [[Luftstreitkräfte]] aircraft into April 1918, and the basis for the similar cross by the [[Bundeswehr]] of modern Germany.")
![Georgia]], used on flag, coat of arms and various official and unofficial organizations of this country.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bolnisi cross.svg?width=200 "Georgia]], used on flag, coat of arms and various official and unofficial organizations of this country.")
![With triangular arms that do not fill the square, sometimes called [[Cossack cross]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cross-Not-Pattee-Not-Maltese.svg?width=200 "With triangular arms that do not fill the square, sometimes called [[Cossack cross]]")
![With straight parallel lines at the centre (considered ''pattée'' by [[Rudolf Koch]] in ''Book of Signs'')](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cross-Pattee-alternate.svg?width=200 "With straight parallel lines at the centre (considered ''pattée'' by [[Rudolf Koch]] in ''Book of Signs'')")
![Emblem of the [[Teutonic Order]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Crux Ordis Teutonicorum.svg?width=200 "Emblem of the [[Teutonic Order]]")
![German Iron Cross, [[World War I]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/EK II 1914.jpg?width=200 "German Iron Cross, [[World War I]]")
![Modern [[Bundeswehr]] emblem](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bundeswehr Kreuz.svg?width=200 "Modern [[Bundeswehr]] emblem")
![Coat of arms of [[Klichaw]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coat of Arms of Kličaŭ, Belarus.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Klichaw]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Kruhlaye]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coat of Arms of Kruhłaje, Belarus.png?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Kruhlaye]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Krychaw]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coat of Arms of Kryčaŭ, Belarus.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Krychaw]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Orsha]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coat of Arms of Vorsza, Belarus.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Orsha]]")
.svg?width=200 "Arms of Canada (1957 rendition)")
.jpg?width=200 "Order of Merit")
![Coat of arms of [[Ambacourt]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Blason ville fr Ambacourt (Vosges).svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Ambacourt]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Damouzy]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Blason ville fr Damouzy (Ardennes).svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Damouzy]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Fontaine-lès-Luxeuil]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Blason ville fr Fontaine-lès-Luxeuil 70.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Fontaine-lès-Luxeuil]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Fontaines-Saint-Martin]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Blason ville fr Fontaines-Saint-Martin (Rhône).svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Fontaines-Saint-Martin]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Saint-Gondon]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Blason de la ville de Saint-Gondon (Loiret).svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Saint-Gondon]]")
![Mkhedruli script]], inside Georgia.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bolnisi Sioni - Georgian inscription.JPG?width=200 "Mkhedruli script]], inside Georgia.")
![Flag of Georgia]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Georgia.svg?width=200 "Flag of Georgia]]")
![Coat of arms of Georgia]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Greater coat of arms of Georgia.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of Georgia]]")
![Georgian Defense Forces]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/DFG small Emblem green.png?width=200 "Georgian Defense Forces]]")
![Coat of arms of the city of [[Bolnisi]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bolnisi COA.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of the city of [[Bolnisi]]")
![[[Coat of arms of Riga]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coat of Arms of Riga small.svg?width=200 "[[Coat of arms of Riga]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Ventspils]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LVA Ventspils COA.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Ventspils]]")
![Flag of the [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro2.svg?width=200 "Flag of the [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro]]")
![Nicholas I]]. One of the most important historical Montenegrin flags.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vucji Do flag.svg?width=200 "Nicholas I]]. One of the most important historical Montenegrin flags.")
![Flag of [[Old Royal Capital Cetinje]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag_of_Cetinje.svg?width=200 "Flag of [[Old Royal Capital Cetinje]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Nikšić Municipality]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Niksic-Grb.gif?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Nikšić Municipality]]")
![Modern [[Montenegrin Air Force]] roundel](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Roundel_of_Montenegro.svg?width=200 "Modern [[Montenegrin Air Force]] roundel")
![Montenegrin Police]] Special Counter-Terrorist Unit Insignia](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Montenegrin_Police_Special_Counter-Terrorist_Unit_Insignia.png?width=200 "Montenegrin Police]] Special Counter-Terrorist Unit Insignia")
![Flag of [[Montenegrins of Serbia]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Montenegrins in Serbia.svg?width=200 "Flag of [[Montenegrins of Serbia]]")
![[[Order of Prince Danilo I]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Řád_knížete_Danila_I.jpg?width=200 "[[Order of Prince Danilo I]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Podkarpackie Voivodeship]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/POL województwo podkarpackie COA.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Podkarpackie Voivodeship]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Przemyśl]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/POL Przemyśl COA.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Przemyśl]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Rzeszów]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/POL Rzeszów COA.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Rzeszów]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Skierniewice]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/POL Skierniewice COA.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Skierniewice]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Paços de Ferreira]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PFR1.png?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Paços de Ferreira]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Madeira]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coat of arms of Madeira.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Madeira]]")
![Roundel of the [[Portuguese Air Force]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Roundel of Portugal.svg?width=200 "Roundel of the [[Portuguese Air Force]]")
![File:Portuguese_Football_Federation.svg [[A Seleção (The Selection)]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portuguese_Football_Federation.svg [[A Seleção (The Selection)]]?width=200 "File:Portuguese_Football_Federation.svg [[A Seleção (The Selection)]]")
![Border Service]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Russian Federation. Emblem of the Border Guard Service of the Federal Security Service.svg?width=200 "Border Service]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Kirov Oblast]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coat of arms of Kirov Region.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Kirov Oblast]]")
![Coat of Arms of [[Perm Krai]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coat of Arms of Perm Krai.svg?width=200 "Coat of Arms of [[Perm Krai]]")
![Borisovka, Belgorod Oblast]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coat of Arms of Borisovka (Belgorod oblast).svg?width=200 "Borisovka, Belgorod Oblast]]")
![Coat of arms of [[El Bierzo]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coat of Arms of El Bierzo.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[El Bierzo]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Mondoñedo]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coat of Arms of Mondoñedo.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Mondoñedo]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Morcín]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Escudo de Morcín.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Morcín]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Oviedo]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Escudo de Oviedo.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Oviedo]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Priorat]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Escut del Priorat.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Priorat]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Sabiñánigo]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coat of Arms of Sabiñánigo.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Sabiñánigo]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Sitges]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coat of Arms of Sitges.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Sitges]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Villafáfila]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coat of Arms of Villafáfila.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Villafáfila]]")
![Flag of the [[Swedish Order of Freemasons]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Frimurarflagga.svg?width=200 "Flag of the [[Swedish Order of Freemasons]]")
![Coat of arms of the [[Swedish Order of Freemasons]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Svenska Frimurar Orden vapen.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of the [[Swedish Order of Freemasons]]")
![Emblem of the [[Ministry of Defence of Ukraine]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Emblem of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine.svg?width=200 "Emblem of the [[Ministry of Defence of Ukraine]]")
![General Staff]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces.svg?width=200 "General Staff]]")
![Defence Intelligence]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Emblem of the Defence Intelligence of Ukraine.svg?width=200 "Defence Intelligence]]")
![Emblem of the [[Ukrainian Armed Forces]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Emblem of the Ukrainian Armed Forces.svg?width=200 "Emblem of the [[Ukrainian Armed Forces]]")
![Emblem of the [[Ukrainian Ground Forces]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Emblem of the Ukrainian Ground Forces.svg?width=200 "Emblem of the [[Ukrainian Ground Forces]]")
![Emblem of the [[Ukrainian Navy]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Emblem of the Ukrainian Navy.svg?width=200 "Emblem of the [[Ukrainian Navy]]")
![Emblem of the [[Ukrainian Air Force]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Emblem of the Ukrainian Air Force.svg?width=200 "Emblem of the [[Ukrainian Air Force]]")
![State Border Guard Service]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Emblem of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine.svg?width=200 "State Border Guard Service]]")
![Emblem of the [[Security Service of Ukraine]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Security Service of Ukraine Emblem.svg?width=200 "Emblem of the [[Security Service of Ukraine]]")
![Coat of arms of Volhynia with the Muscovite [[Monomakh's Cap]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Principality of Volyn.png?width=200 "Coat of arms of Volhynia with the Muscovite [[Monomakh's Cap]]")
![Volhynian Voivodeship in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/POL województwo wołyńskie IRP COA.svg?width=200 "Volhynian Voivodeship in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]")
.gif?width=200 "Coat of arms of the Russian Volhynian Vice-royaly (Namestnichestvo)")
![Coat of arms of [[Volhynian Governorate]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/COA of Volin gubernia.png?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Volhynian Governorate]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Rivne Oblast]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coat of Arms of Rivne Oblast.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Rivne Oblast]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Zhytomyr Oblast]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coat of Arms of Zhytomyr Oblast.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Zhytomyr Oblast]]")
![[[Braclaw Voivodeship]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/POL województwo bracławskie IRP COA.svg?width=200 "[[Braclaw Voivodeship]]")
![[[Vinnytsia Oblast]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coat of Arms of Vinnytsa Oblast.svg?width=200 "[[Vinnytsia Oblast]]")
![[[Flag of Poltava Oblast]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Poltava Oblast.svg?width=200 "[[Flag of Poltava Oblast]]")
![[[Myrhorod]] city](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/UKR Mirgorod COA.svg?width=200 "[[Myrhorod]] city")
![[[Poltava Oblast]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coat of Arms of Poltava Oblast.svg?width=200 "[[Poltava Oblast]]")
![University of Durham]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Durham shield.png?width=200 "University of Durham]]")
![Coat of arms of [[St Mary's College, Durham]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Durham - St Marys arms.png?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[St Mary's College, Durham]]")
![Coat of arms of [[St John's College, Durham]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Durham - St Johns arms.png?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[St John's College, Durham]]")
![Coat of arms of [[Ustinov College, Durham]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Durham - Ustinov arms.png?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[Ustinov College, Durham]]")
![College of St Hild, Durham]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/College of St Hild, Durham.svg?width=200 "College of St Hild, Durham]]")
![College of SS Hild and Bede, Durham]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/College of St Hild & St Bede, Durham.svg?width=200 "College of SS Hild and Bede, Durham]]")
![Coat of arms of [[John Snow College, Durham]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John Snow College, Durham.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[John Snow College, Durham]]")
![Coat of arms of [[South College, Durham]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arms of South College, Durham.svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of [[South College, Durham]]")
TYPE OF CROSS WHICH HAS ARMS NARROW AT THE CENTRE, AND BROADER AT THE PERIMETER
Cross pattée (crown); Cross pattee; Cross patty; ✠; Cross paty; Large-pawed cross; Cross-pattee; Cross Pattee; Cross pattee (crown); Cross Pattée; Cross formée; Cross Patee; Crosses pattées
A cross pattée (or cross patty, also known as a cross formée/formy, croix pattée or Tatzenkreuz) is a type of Christian cross with arms that are narrow at the centre, and often flared in a curve or straight line shape, to be broader at the perimeter. The form appears very early in medieval art; for example in a metalwork treasure binding given to Monza Cathedral by Queen Theodelinda (d.
ويكيبيديا
Cross & Cross
Cross & Cross (1907–1942) was a New York City-based architectural firm founded by brothers John Walter Cross and Eliot Cross.
